2. マッチング問題
Matching（マッチング）
マッチング問題を実際に解いてみて、どのような問題傾向かを実感しましょう：
サンプル問題 – Google Document
以下のリンクからGoogle Documentを閲覧することが可能です。
書き込む場合は、[ファイル] > [コピーの作成]をクリックしご自身のGoogle Driveにファイルを保管して使用してください。
また、PDFのダウンロードをご希望の場合は、[ファイル] > [ダウンロード]をクリックすることで指定するファイルの書き出すことが可能です。
MP3 – Youtube
Answer Key
- D
- B
- A
- H
- F
- E
Transcript
| Tutor: | Hello Sam, come in and sit down. |
| Sam: | Thanks. |
| Tutor: | You’re here to discuss your company-based IT project, aren’t you? |
| Sam: | Yes. I’ve been to see the Manager and he’s given me a lot of ideas about projects that the company would find useful. But I wanted to ask your opinion about them before I choose one. |
| Tutor: | Yes, that’s fine. Now this company’s called Turners, isn’t it? |
| Sam: | That’s right. It’s a small engineering company. They make machine components for trade use. They’re well established – they started in 1976 but they’re a bit old fashioned. |
| Tutor: | OK. And what kind of projects did Turners suggest you could do for the company? |
| Sam: | Well, they want some improvements made to their Q1 customer database. The one that they’ve got at the moment isn’t very useful in some ways. I had a quick look at it. |
| Tutor: | That would be a very straightforward project, and it’d be simple enough to evaluate, Q1 but I don’t think you’d get enough out of a project like that. You wouldn’t learn anything new. |
| Sam: | Well, another project they suggested is to do with their Q2 online sales catalogue. At the moment customers can look at their products but they can’t actually order them online, which must affect their competitiveness. But I said I thought Q2 it would take too long, it’s quite a big task. |
| Tutor: | Q2 You’re right. It’s too much for the time you’ve got. It’s a pity though. |
| Sam: | Then they want some help with their Q3 payroll system. At the moment the way they calculate pay involves a lot of manual accounting. I suggested they could have a system where employees register electronically when they arrive and leave work, so the hours they do could be transferred automatically. |
| Tutor: | Q3 I think you’d get a lot out of a project like that. It would extend your skills but it wouldn’t be too much to take on. A student did something similar a couple of years ago, but this is slightly different. |
| Sam: | Well, then they need help with their stock inventory. They do everything manually. |
| Tutor: | Really? |
| Sam: | Yes! And it takes so much time. |
| Tutor: | It’s probably very inaccurate too … Q4 An electronic inventory would probably be the biggest single benefit for the company. I’m surprised they haven’t had it done before. |
| Sam: | I know! Then they wanted to improve their Q5 internal security. The Manager had visited other companies where the staff use swipe cards to access various areas of the building. It sounded useful, but the trouble is, I’m not really sure how to do it. |
| Tutor: | Well, I think you’re right in that assessment. Q5 At the moment it’s probably a bit beyond your level of knowledge. Is that all? |
| Sam: | Just one more – Q6 Customer Service. They want to be able to collect feedback from their customers in a more systematic way. At the moment it’s a bit of a mess, and they probably lose business as a result. |
| Tutor: | Would that involve you going to see customers at their own premises? Because in that case you might have to do a fair amount of traveling, and Q6 that would incur expenses that haven’t been agreed with these companies. |
| Sam: | I never thought of that … |
| Tutor: | Well, it might not be a problem, but it’s something that needs clarifying. Well, I hope that’s been helpful in narrowing down the options? |
| Sam: | Yes it has, thanks. I’ll be able to make a decision now. But while I’m here, can I talk to you about coursework? |
| Tutor: | Sure . |
マッチング問題のコツ
マッチング問題を解く時は、
- キーワード後の文意
- 情報の比重
の二点に注意して解いてください。
1. キーワード後の文意
マッチング問題は「表にまとめられている情報」と「その情報を結びつけるキーワード」の2つ観点に分かれています。
「表にまとめられている情報」は、基本的に音源のパラフレーズがまとめられています。
例えば、
- D. It wouldn’t be sufficiently challenging.
- 「十分挑戦的ではない（簡単すぎる）」
という情報は音源では、
- … but I don’t think you’d get enough out of a project like that. You wouldn’t learn anything new.
- 「プロジェクトから多くを学ぶことはできないでしょう。 新しいことを何も学ばないと思います。」
と述べられています。
「表にまとめられている情報」と同じ表現を待っていると、高い確率で聞き逃してしまう恐れがあるので注意してください。
もう一つの観点が「情報を結びつけるキーワード」です。
「表にまとめられている情報」とは異なり、音声ではキーワードのまま発音されるので、このキーワードを聴き逃さないようにしてください。
キーワードが述べられた後に、回答の論拠となる情報が述べられます。
2. 情報の比重
パラフレーズと関連がある要素ですが、英語は接続表現に応じて情報の比重が変わるので注意してください。
例えば、
- That would be a very straightforward project, and it’d be simple enough to evaluate, but I don’t think you’d get enough out of a project like that. You wouldn’t learn anything new.
- 「それは非常に単純なプロジェクトで評価しやすいですが、そのようなプロジェクトから多くを学ぶことはできないでしょう。 新しいことを何も学ばないと思います。」
仮に冒頭部分を聴いてるだけだと「チューターがこのプロジェクトに肯定的な意見を述べている」ように解釈してしまします。
しかし、重要なのは But 以下の部分で、それ以前の部分はあくまで前置きであることが分かります。
このように、英語は接続表現に応じて情報の重要度が変化します。
接続表現の例を挙げると、
- 逆説：but / yet / however …
- 対比：while / whereas / in contrast …
- 譲歩：although / though …
などの表現が聴き取れたら、それ以降の情報により焦点が当てられていると言うことを意識しましょう。（譲歩表現を除く）